customary law is often discriminatory in such areas as bride price, ZAMBIA L.J. Customary law is not an inferior law. African customary law was the dominant legal system in much of pre-colonial sub-Saharan Africa. Crime and punishment in Zambia by John Hat chard 163 8. International law standards and the Zambian laws on citizenship, immigration and deportation by Satyadera Bedi 187 9. Although statutory law allows women to have land registered in their own names, women face a lot of pressure from the community and the family not to do so (13). In some respects these laws are However, customary law denies women any rights to family property or maintenance upon dissolution of marriage (14). Th ese systems, which exist parallel to each other, create a troublesome paradox, for although general law is the constitutionally recognised law, it is known and accessed by a minority of the population. This means that customary law is often not understood or used With the advent of colonialism in Africa in the middle of the nineteenth century, customary law gradually lost its primacy to the European-style legal systems and laws brought by the colonizing nations. Zambia has a hybrid common law system which has constitutional law at the apex, followed by statutory law enacted by Parliament, common law, case law, customary law, and authoritative texts (which are not binding). Zambia was founded as a company state in 1889. By Charles Mwewa and Munyonzwe Hamalengwa The entire Zambian legal system needs to be revamped. Defining and characterising “customary law” would itself be the subject of an extended study. Zambian land law recognises that people can own land in two ways; through a state lease where a person holds title deeds or through customary tenure where a chief, grants a person the right to occupy a piece of land. Judicial Precedent 5. Conflicts between Customary Laws 72 2.6. Still deeply rooted in its colonial origins, the system has stifled creativity and stunted the possible independent growth of the country’s legal institutions, law making, judicial decisions and legal scholarship. The provisions of all by-laws and regulations made under the provisions of the Local Government Act and in force in the area of jurisdiction of such Local Courts, and The changing nature of customary marriage by Muna Ndulo 143 7. In this case a man sends a middle man (shibukombe) to ask for permission to marry from a chosen family. 1 (1974); ANTONY ALLOTT, NEW ESSAYS IN AFRICAN LAW 21-27 (1970) (noting statutory provisions based on common law in numerous countries). The African customary law applicable to any matter before it in so far as such law is not repugnant to natural justice or morality or incompatible with the provision of written law. There is, of course, a wide variety of ethnic groups in Zambia, each with its own law. Hence there are two types of marriage—customary law marriage and statutory law marriage. For a consideration of the case-law that the Ordinance has engendered in Zambia, see Himonga, C. N., “ Some aspects of the Zambian Marriage Act ”, [1979 ” Zambia Law Journal 23 and Hussain, S. J., “ Breakdown of marriage in Zambia: judicial response to challenge ”, [1979 ” Zambia Law Journal 95. Zambia, there is no one single definition of marriage. Family Law in Zambia: Cases and Materials. Sources Of Law In Zambia Identify The Sources Of Law In Zambia In Zambia there is no single code that contains all the laws, but there are drawn from various sources listed below. […] Constitution 2. First, we need to revamp customary law institutions and bring them as much as possible within statutory protection. Customary law is based on the traditions of the community concerned. Religious Marriage and 3. Zambia has laws and policies and customary land adminstration is encompssed , therefore to some extent i feel that it is infact the weak laws and policies, the absence of certain pieces of legislation around land that has resulted in all these challanges. Lusaka - Zambia: By Emmanuel Tembo There has been debate lately as to whether vesting land in the President to hold it on behalf of the people translates to disempowering Analysis: JUSTICE SHARPE-PHIRI AS WE all know, customary law governs the majority of people living in Zambia today. Zambia operates a dual land tenure system being statutory tenure that is based on English Law and customary tenure which is governed under customary law. But it is important to be cautious in relying on historical records to determine what customary law is, because pre-independence accounts of customary law often distorted its meaning. to estimate the customary marriage and divorce rates with any certainty; nevertheless it is clear that the vast majority of African couples continue to marry under customary law. Zambia and any other written law, customary law and customary practicethat isinconsistent withits provisionsis voidto theextent of the inconsistency. Local courts – Customary law issues- this pertains to marriages under customary law. 67 (1990) (available in JSTOR). customary laws contradict the CRC.7 The Zambian customary laws are varied and their application is determined by the tribes and traditions attached to them.8 Accordingly, the Committee on the Rights of the Child has put pressure on the Zambian government to make efforts to bring its (2) An act or omission that contravenes this Constitution is illegal. Customary law 6. International Law Discuss What Each Source Entails And How It Relates To The Other Sources. For example, in the United States, the United Kingdom, and other countries, customary laws take the form of common law.Modern legal issues, such as the application of commerce laws to the Internet in the 1990s, started as customary laws. African Customary Law Revisited: The Role of Customary Law in the 21st Century, fills this gap by exploring the nature, substance and role of customary law in Africa in the 21st Century. Applicability of the Laws 58 2.5. 1. 1. Customary Law 51 2.3.2. As a result of the collaborative effort, The Future of African Customary Law has been published. Since these laws have never been unified or codified in Zambia, the term ‘customary law’ does not refer to a single common system accepted in the whole country but to customary laws regulating the rights, liabilities and duties of the different ethnic groupings. Customary law is overridden by common law and case law in the line of priority. The present study does not attempt to define “customary law”, but some general comments on its character may be helpful. Martin Chanock, Neither Customary Nor Legal: African Customary Law in the Era of Family Law Reform, 3(1) Int'l J.L., Pol'y & Fam., 72 (1989) (available in HeinOnline). Interpretation of Choice of Law Rules 67 2.5.2. But the customary law is used by magistrates and judges, who rely on written customary law and cannot find unwritten customary law unless they know it well. Statutory Marriage under customary law, marriages are contracted according to customs of the contracting parties. Zambia is a landlocked country located in Southern Africa and covers a land area of 752,614 square kilometers of which 11,890 square kilometers is water area. Customary Mariage 2. of Zambia, however, may alienate any land in the customary area if he takes the local customary law on land tenure into consideration and if he consults the chief and the local authority in the area The relevant laws that refer to the application of Customary law in Zambia include, the provisions of article 23 (1) and 4 (d) in the Zambian Constitution , section 16 of the Subordinates Court Act and section 12 of the Local Court Act . (3) This Constitution shall bind all persons in Zambia, State Authoritative Texts 4. Acquiring Customary Land – What you need to know. Customary law marriage: Each ethnic group has its own definition. Family law – marriage – customary law marriage – cannot be entered into between persons who are not of African descent. Simon Coldham, Customary Marriage and the Urban Local Courts in Zambia , 34 J. Afr. Legal control of statutory boards by Chuma Himonga 211 Lillian Mushota. Sources of Family Law and Succession Law 51 2.3.1. It is a relic of English colonialism that has continued to this day, where customary law is regarded as an inferior part of Zambian law. Also, the written customary law doesn’t always give a complete picture of the rules of customary law. distinctive feature of Zambia’s legal system is its duality, comprising general or common law and customary or traditional law. Widows under Zambian customary law 91 Principles of customary law of succession The pre-colonial law in Zambia was essentially customary in charac ter, having its source in the practices and customs of the people.5 The colonial regime recognised customary law at the outset.6 This is particu larly true in areas of personal law. Customary law – marriage – cannot be entered into between persons who are not of African descent. The Courts and Conflict of Laws in Practice 65 2.5.1. Customary law consists of the customary laws of each of Zambia’s 73 ethnic groups. ... formalities that must be met for a marriage to be valid under the law are outlined in the Marriage Act cap 50 of the Laws of Zambia. L . The Received Law 55 2.4. Essay On Customary Law In Zambia 1985 Words | 8 Pages. Legislation 3. Customary law still provides the basis for new laws in many modern societies. Act or Customary Law and whether can be dissolved by assertion the court of Appeal held that where there is evidence of the de facto celebration of marriage either under the Marriage Act or under Customary Law, there is a very strong presumption in favour of the validity of the marriage. There are three types of marriages recognized by law in Zambia, these are 1. Like common law, it has developed over the centuries. Zambia has dual legal systems of customary law and statutory law that operate side by side and govern matters relating to land, property, contracts and personal relations such as marriage, divorce, and succession (Zambia Law Journal 1988, n1). 2.3. Customary law changes over time. Customary law and intellectual property system: the issues What is customary law? Will – right to inherit – legitimate child born after will made – child born of informal relationship – no right to inherit unless legitimated or adopted Forms of Marriage 75 2.6.1. Zambia practices a dual legal system—customary law and statutory law (Panos 2014; Nsemukila 2015). "Customary law" refers to the customary laws of the various ethnic groups in Zambia and has not been codified (ibid., n3). Is, what is customary law in zambia course, a wide variety of ethnic groups in much pre-colonial... African descent What you need to know often discriminatory in such areas as price. 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