The same reaction to the dogs and cats. And here is what I found! Lori McClintock, the wife of Rep. Tom McClintock, R-Calif., died from dehydration as a result of gastroenteritis caused by white mulberry leaf, according to a coroner's report. The mulberry trees during the fall season. Unripe and wild mulberries are poisonous to humans. When they are in season, between May and late August, you can find mulberries in the gardens of mulberry growers or the edges of some bushes. There are several, attractive fruitless selections or varieties of the white mulberry. Thondre PS, Lightowler H, Ahlstrom L, Gallagher A. Mulberry leaf extract improves glycaemic response and insulaemic response to sucrose in healthy subjects: results of a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study. The fruit and the tree leave both. Three main veins arise from the base. Can you eat mulberry tree leaves? In particular, for people currently on diabetes medications, this can result in a dramatic decline in blood glucose levels. Also, in a 3-month study, people with type 2 diabetes who took 1,000 mg of mulberry leaf extract 3 times daily with meals experienced significant reductions in post-meal blood sugar levels, compared with a placebo group (8). However, you should limit how many mulberries your dog eats, especially at first. Similarly, is there a mulberry bush or tree? Int J Environ Res Public Health. The toxic parts are the unripe berries and the white sap from any part. I was registered. The berries' antioxidant content keeps blood vessels flexible and dilated, which improves their ability to function. As I was researching to make sure that mulberries are safe I came across one berry that looks similar. Undersurface hairy, paler than above. A mulberry is filled with nutrients that our bodies need. Even though unripe mulberries or some portions of this tree are poisonous to some, the edible mulberries are packed with goodness and minerals that have the following benefits: 75% of the fiber in mulberries is insoluble, while 25% is soluble. Suriyaprom S, Kaewkod T, Promputtha I, Desvaux M, Tragoolpua Y. The -glucosidase in mulberry leaf extracts may help postpone the breakdown of carbohydrates. Also, these leaves have nutrients that serve as a food source for silkworms, the primary commercial silk source around the globe. According to animal studies, the antioxidants in mulberry juice can lessen oxidative stress, potentially lowering the risk of cancer. This article reviews the benefits, safety, and side, Berries taste great and may have many health benefits, including preventing and reducing symptoms of chronic disease. by nature and are known to kill bacteria, which is how they treat and prevent the flu and cold. Mulberry leaves have pharmacological properties that can benefit diabetic patients, according to modern research, because they contain natural substances that help reduce swelling, lose weight, lower blood pressures, lower blood glucose levels, and improve blood lipids. In one study, 37 adults ingested maltodextrin, a starchy powder that rapidly boosts blood sugar levels. The white mulberry is occasionally white, but not always. Yes, you can be allergic to mulberries. White mulberry trees have been known to live for more than 100 years while red mulberry trees rarely live more than 75 years. . ANSWER: Both the native Morus rubra (red mulberry) in North America, as well as the introduced Morus alba (white mulberry), are mildly toxic, according to the Poisonous Plants of North Carolina database. Therefore, be cautious when consuming because this mulberry trait may impair the body's capacity to absorb nutrients properly and have detrimental effects. I am not a doctor so I cant give medical advice. 2014 Jan-Mar;28(1):141-5. Skin tone is uniform. The symptoms are hallucinations and stomach upset. Chinese have been harvesting silk for over 5000 years. They are used in jams and bread. They thrive in mild . I'm Courtney! Ripe mulberries in small amounts that are fed to your dog are not poisonous. Morus rubra is a deciduous tree that allows light to filter to the plants on . (Quick Answers), Why Is My Garlic Green Inside? Medical Toxicologist Mulberry leaves may aid with gout symptoms by reducing uric acid levels. Both of these dietary fibers work to encourage regular bowel movements and reduce your risk of stomach illnesses, which can aid your digestive system as a whole. Yes, deer eat mulberries! According to anecdotal data, highpotassium levels may cause dehydration and internal bleeding. Obviously this will be a matter of preference. This sap is somewhat poisonous to humans and can cause symptoms such as an upset stomach or skin irritation if it is swallowed or touched (5, 6 ). Just like us your dog can overeat and no one wants to deal with doggy diahria. fruit allergies usually cause symptoms like an itching mouth or swollen lips. Leaf stalk hairy. It might help the liver get stronger. The fruits have some calcium in them, which helps chicken eggs develop. In the United States, there are red and white mulberry tree varieties. This research also indicates that preventing the absorption of carbohydrates may aid in managing diabetes and weight. So, regularly consuming mulberries might be a healthy way to reduce your body's harmful cholesterol levels. I never really paid attention but my mom always had them around our house. Male mulberry trees also generate a lot of pollen that could cause allergic reactions for some people. Mulberry trees are deciduous trees with edible fruit. White mulberry is an herb. On top of all this, the leaves are full of protein and rich in nitrogen, sulphur and minerals. Although humans may consume ripe mulberry fruit, ingestion of unripe fruit can result in stomach upset, stimulation of the nervous system and hallucinations. Im also curious if mulberries are toxic to humans. Accessed August 28, 2022. Safety evaluation of mulberry leaf extract: Acute, subacute toxicity and genotoxicity studies. What is the difference between a mulberry tree and a mulberry bush? Mulberry leaves caused increased body weight gains in growing lambs and goats, and also included milk production in goats. When you mix the mulberries with raspberries you get a perfect mixture of sweet and tart. The moral of the story is if you have access to a mulberry tree pick those little health bombs and use them! People have actually used part of the plant in herbal medicines to induce vomiting. Most of the animals take mulberry well and its nutrient factors are a bonus. There are thousands of variants and species of them out there. Very flavorful and slightly tart. Some black mulberry bushes are monoecious, which means each plant bears both male and female reproductive organs. I am glad that I found my familes mulberry tree because after my research and leanring I have realized how healthy mulberries are! Mulberry trees produce flavorful berries that are enjoyed around the world and often deemed superfoods due to their concentration of vitamins, minerals, and powerful plant compounds. What you eat can have a big effect on inflammation in your body. Mulberry trees have invasive roots that come out of the tree that create risks if planted in the backyard. To help you, we've looked into this matter, which we discovered! Mulberries are considered a good diet agent, but too much consumption can lead to harmful effects. You can bet there is! Jackfruit is a versatile tropical fruit with a sweet flavor. Though, with not much serious effects. Overview. Li Y, Zhang X, Liang C, Hu J, Yu Z. Elderberries are the fruit of various species of the Sambucus plant. Even if some mulberry parts are poisonous, there are still edible that are incredibly nutrient-rich. Cut up the leaves super fine and mix in a very small amount with a favorite green. Children and pregnant or breastfeeding women should avoid it due to a lack of research on its safety. Available at https://www.extension.purdue.edu/extmedia/fnr/fnr_237.pdf. For the topping: In a large mixing bowl whisk together flour, oats, brown sugar, granulated sugar, cinnamon and salt. The leaves and other parts of the tree have a milky white sap called latex that is mildly toxic to humans and can cause symptoms such as an upset stomach if eaten or skin irritation if touched (5, 6). ANSWER: The Poisonous Plants of North Carolina database lists both the North American native Morus rubra (red mulberry) and the introduced Morus alba (white mulberry) as mildly toxic. However, the fruit isnt the only part of the mulberry tree that may offer health benefits. Yes, your dog can eat mulberries. ! Mulberries have loads of health benefits. Mulberry (the Morus family) is a great utility plant with the potential to grow to be a massive tree. Despite this, many people are unaware of how harmful mulberry leaves can be. Tea can be made both fresh and dried, boiled fresh mulberry leaves, and served as salad in the same way. Again, just make sure that the berries are ripe! Mulberry sap and unripe fruit is commonly regarded to having stimulant and hallucinogenic qualities in large enough amounts. Red mulberry ( Morus rubra ), is a native, deciduous tree, found in moist soils from South Florida to west Texas. They are also a good hair and skin agent. We know that mulberries are not poisonous or toxic but can they make you sick? Tell your doctor about all dietary supplements and non-prescription medications that you are taking. Yes, ripe mulberries are entirely safe to be eaten. This article reviews mulberry leaf, examining its uses, benefits, and potential side effects. Cats can eat mulberries, but it is better to give them ripe mulberries and check before if they have any other conditions before. Mulberries are members of the Moraceae family, which includes the fig, breadfruit and sassafras trees. Parts of mulberry trees with milky sap and unripe fruits are poisonous to humans, as these may cause stomach distress or even hallucinations. Mulberry recipes are also abundant, the ways you could prepare them and present them. There are so many yummy ways to use mulberries and I am going to share my top 2 favorite ways. White mulberries are astringent by nature and are known to kill bacteria, which is how they treat and prevent the flu and cold. They are better off being cultivated from a land. Do this several days in a row until all the food is eaten up with the usual gusto. ). Mulberries are a delicious treat for humans, pets, and wild animals. While all Morus alba varieties have edible leaves, this variety has very tender leaves with a better flavor. To minimize any harmful effects, eating in moderation is advised. The leaves, fruit, and bark of the mulberry tree have historically been used to prevent and treat cancer, inflammation, diabetes, bacterial infections, and other conditions. Pour into bake pies shell. This is a kind of natural antibiotic. The berries retain their cores (like blackberries do) but the flavor is somewhere in between: like a brambly raspberry or a softer blackberry. Poisonous Tree Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics: Deciduous Habit/Form: Dense Erect Irregular Open Rounded Spreading Growth Rate: Rapid Maintenance: Medium Texture: Coarse Cultural Conditions: Light: Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight) Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day) Spot a mulberry leaf by its overall shape. If you get it on your skin it will cause a rash and if you eat a handful of raw leaves you may get nauseous. Ripe fruit can be white, purple (both light and dark . Simply add four cups of cold water to a pot with fresh mulberry leaves and gently heat over the stove for 10-15 minutes. Mulberry leaves can be used for a variety of culinary, medicinal, and industrial purposes. J Ethnopharmacol. Wondering if this kind of tree is poisonous? I wanted to share a few other ways to use mulberries. Both trees have oval, mitten- or ghost-shaped leaves. Family: Moraceae Toxicity: Non-Toxic to Cats, Non-Toxic to Dogs, Non-Toxic to Horses Toxic Principles: Non-toxic " The likelyhood then is that mulberry tree leaves are not toxic to dogs. This article outlines an anti-inflammatory diet plan that is based on science. Hold a few mulberries gently with one hand and position them with the stems facing out. The planting of mulberry trees was banned by the city administration of Tucson, Arizona, in 1984, because the amount of pollen produced by these trees was harmful to humans. When consumed 90 minutes after a meal, mulberry tea in humans inhibits the postprandial rise in blood glucose levels. levels may cause dehydration and internal bleeding. They are in the wild, but they are red, black, and white mulberries. Researchers Reveal Shocking Discovery About The Bizarre Pitcher Plant! (Explained), What Size Grow Bag for Pepper Plants? Domestic animals prefer ripe ones, but most animals can have both grown and wild mulberries. Mulberry has two varieties, red and white mulberry. Cats might like the savory taste fresh from the garden. We are mentioning some of the animals and the effects of mulberries on them below: Unripe mulberries might upset their stomach a bit but should not cause much trouble. Required fields are marked *. My family has owned a cottage since before I was born and it took me until a few years ago to realize that there was a mulberry tree in the back yard. Because underripe mulberries can cause serious reactions such as vomiting, diarrhea, and hallucinations, make sure theyre ripe and sweet. But the ripe fruit is consumable. You will still have stems on a few of your berries but this sure beats picking them off every single berry! I love working with my hands and creating. Of those, Morus alba, white mulberry, and M. nigra, black mulberry, are native to China. Mulberries are full of anthocyanins and help reduce these kinds of risks by a lot. Mulberry leaves are also full of nutrients. Red mulberry mature fruits range in color from dark red to nearly black. The white mulberry is indeed white, but not all the time. Can you eat mulberry tree leaves? The fruit is used to make jam, jelly, and wine. The Best Uses For Chives And All You Ever Wanted To Know. Przeor M. Some Common Medicinal Plants with Antidiabetic Activity, Known and Available in Europe (A Mini-Review). 4 Figure 5. A large amount needs to be ingested in order to cause respiratory failure and death. But ripe mulberries would not cause you this. Mulberry leaves are commonly used to make tea in Asian countries, though they can be eaten as well. You dont want to use melted butter ), until mixture resembles coarse crumbs. Collect the branches and take them to your goat pasture or exercise pen. Mulberry leaves have a variety of culinary, medicinal, and industrial applications. It turns out that mulberries are great for your digestive system. The leaves of the plant contain multiple biologically active compounds, including antioxidants, amino acids, and alkaloids, which may have beneficial health effects. The milky sap of the outer layering of the unripe mulberries can cause skin rashes if came in contact with skin. Every cell in your body contains the vital fatty molecule known as cholesterol. Well as long as you are consuming a normal amount. Mulberry leaves are nutritious and used for livestock feed supplements. When red mulberries are ripe, they darken to a deep purple-black color (similar to blackberries). In monoecious plants, wind pollinates the fruit without the need for a separate tree. They make an incredible jam and the best cobbler. Pour cornstarch mixture evenly over berries then toss to evenly coat. But before we took a mouthful we wanted to make sure that we could eat mulberries. Plants have variable leaf shapes from simple to deeply lobed, with edible fruits ranging from white to red to black as they ripen. White mulberries or some wild berries might appear green in color, but they are a variant of the (Morus) group. How Fast Do Black Walnut Trees Grow? Mulberry leaves make good fodder - 15-35% protein, but I'd guess that the dogs are self-medicating because it's potent medicinal. Unfortunately, the majority of supermarket stores do not sell fresh ones. 2005-2023 Healthline Media a Red Ventures Company. Theyre said to be very palatable and commonly used to make tinctures and herbal teas, which are a common health beverage in Asian countries. These are compounds that release sugar when they come in contact with water. Latex is a milky white secretion that may be found in the leaves and other parts of the tree. According to anecdotal data, high. Int J Mol Sci. Mulberry fruits look like blackberries, and they have a taste that is similar to grapes. M. alba Pendula is a weeping mulberry, and Chaparral is a non-fruiting, weeping mulberry. As unripe mulberry fruit can cause stomach aches, nervous system stimulation and hallucinations in humans, mature or ripe mulberry fruit is safe for consumption. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. If the leaves have rounded teeth on the edges, it is either white or red mulberry; white mulberry leaves are glossy while red ones are less so. Mulberry allergies are not common but if you are allergic to other fruits I would be cautious. with goodness and minerals that have the following benefits: in mulberries is insoluble, while 25% is soluble. The symptoms are hallucinations and stomach upset. (Kandylis et al 2009) stated that Mulberry leaves are very useful as a feed source of protein in sheep feed. Children or adults who arent aware of the trees presence could badly get hurt. If the sap comes in contact with human skin, it could also cause skin rashes. Harvest mulberry tree leaves for your goats. Yes, mulberry trees are poisonous. Before we get started on the recipes lets talk about mulberry stems for a second. This can lead to colic and other health problems in horses. If you want the mulberries and dont want to share with the deer than you have a problem on your hands. The easiest way to tell the mulberry and sassafras apart is by examining their leaves. White mulberry fruits are usually ripe and ready to harvest in the spring. Birds love white berries but not edible for human. 28. novice. Whether that is in the kitchen, out in my garden or with my animals. Are mulberry tree leaves poisonous to dogs? The two closely related species of mulberry trees are white mulberry (Morus alba) and red mulberry (Morus rubra). Call Some trees are not suitable for rabbits to eat, and you should not give them to your bunny. Elderberries. If you have a mulberry tree and your chickens are free range, even better. Our dried mulberries have a naturally sweet flavor with no added sugar. As proof, in 2010, research on patients treated for dyslipidemia with mulberry leaf tablets reported 4.3% constipation and bloating, 8.7% dizziness, and 26% diarrhea. I have 4 young kids so we always seem to be passing around some fun illness and I am always up for trying things to keep the sicknesses at bay. Almond tree leaves are. Mulberry trees generally require at least 6 hours of sunlight to photosynthesize properly. Mulberries, like any other fruit, are susceptible to worms. 2022 Jan 12;19(2):838. The red mulberry tree can reach 65 feet high and has a reddish-brown bark. In 1624 the legislature of Virginia required every male resident to plant at least four white mulberry trees to promote a North American silk industry. But how will you know what the difference is between pokeweed and a mulberry? Humans are not indifferent in the case of enjoying some delicious berries as many other animals. Related species: Black Mulberry Red Mulberry. By the 1830's, the potential for a silk industry prompted a horticultural phenomenon known as "mulberry mania" in the eastern United States. Your email address will not be published. The sugar is then absorbed into the bloodstream where it can cause a rise in blood sugar levels. Mulberries are vibrant berries that can be consumed both fresh and dried. Unripe mulberries can cause nausea, vomiting, cramps, and hallucinations. Bring fresh, filtered water to a boil. The symptoms are hallucinations and stomach upset. 2021 Apr 15;18(1):41. We now know that we can in fact eat mulberries but how do we know we found a mulberry tree? It produces a milky juice that calms the nervous system. Although mulberry leaf has largely been shown to be safe in both human and animal studies, it may lead to side effects in some people (21). Mulberry leaf contains numerous anti-inflammatory compounds, including flavonoid antioxidants. Mulberry trees (Morus species) contain cyanogenic glycosides, which produce prussic acid when digested by an animal. research on patients treated for dyslipidemia with mulberry leaf tablets reported 4.3% constipation and bloating, 8.7% dizziness, and 26% diarrhea. But when you are allergic to mulberries you will most likely be allergic to other fruits as well. Are almond tree leaves poisonous to horses? Although humans may consume ripe mulberry fruit, ingestion of unripe fruit can result in stomach upset, stimulation of the nervous system and hallucinations. Pollination. . The red mulberry tree loves warm, moist and well-drained soil. We have lots more on the site to show you. Mulberries contain a special molecule called glucosidase that helps break down carbohydrate molecules and help digestion. And I know its tricky to get the vitamins and minerals we need though fresh food but if you can pick your own mulberries dont forgo the opportunity. Mulberries are a superfood thats worth mulling over! We love fruit and were so excited about this discovery. Wild mulberries and the regular ones. However, you can still possibly purchase these in-store if the owner itself is the one who cultivates and sells them. Add sugar to mulberries in a saucepan. Male and Female Trees. It features light green foliage that is slightly glossed and fruit that ranges in color from almost white to deep red and purple. Mulberries can come as poisonous for some animals, such as pets. Do not let thaw out), Shake the container for at least a minute, Mix mulberries & lemon juice in a sauce pan, Put into sanitized jars leaving 1/4 inch headspace, place on the counter on a towel for 24 hours until completly cooled. Mulberry leaves can be consumed both fresh and dried. More than 60 species, including quail, wild turkeys, indigo buntings, tanagers, catbirds, mockingbirds, enjoy mulberries. Can I eat mulberries? Mulberries are deciduous trees that grow in the worlds warm temperate and subtropical climates. Red mulberries (Morus rubra) are more common in Native America. Red Mulberry ( Morus rubra ) is a native understory tree that naturally occurs along streams and riverbanks and in woods. In particular, for people currently on diabetes medications, this can result in a dramatic decline in blood glucose levels. We have so much fun with this homesteading thing. white blood cells. If thats the case, youre probably looking at Morus rubra, a red mulberry tree. White mulberry is native to China and is the food of silkworms. Identify mulberry leaves by their glossy, light-green color. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. Weight loss. If you think that your animal is ill or may have ingested a poisonous substance, contact your local veterinarian or our 24-hour emergency poison hotline directly at 1-888-426-4435. But I want to share a tip with you that will save you hours! document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); We are a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, and may earn fees by linking to Amazon. But as a matter of fact, unripe fruit is also quite bad for humans. They can make you sick if they are under-ripe but if you eat ripened mulberries they will not make you sick. They have a good balance between sweet and tart. Toxicity: With the exception of the ripe fruit, all white mulberry parts contain a milky sap (latex), which is toxic to humans. This deciduous tree grows an extensive root structure that spreads horizontally from the trunk and remains in the first 24 inches of soil. Young leaves can be eaten after cooking. Add juice. The powdered leaves are most commonly used for medicine. Red mulberry trees rarely live more than 75 years, while black mulberries have been known to bear fruit for hundreds of years. Propagation: Mulberries can be grown from seed, although the plants can take 10 years or more to bear. Put the leaves in boiling water and boil them after taking the powder. Mulberries are a group of deciduous, fruit-bearing trees native to temperate parts of the world. Mulberries arent toxic, but theyll give a dog the run for it. As a result, those who have chronic kidney illness must restrict or even prevent mulberry consumption. Once the tree is established you shouldn't have to water it unless there is a drought. Native to China, this tree is now cultivated in many regions, including the United States, Europe, Asia, and Africa. I've tried this at least twice with little effect. Nutr Metab (Lond). Mulberries, unlike many other fruits, ripen over a long period of time. It is also known as the beach apple tree or the poison . White mulberry has been used as a traditional herbal remedy since at least 3000 B.C. White mulberries (Morus alba) are native to eastern China. Saudi J Biol Sci. The poke Weed Now you dont have to panic if you happen to consume one because they are not poisonous per se. As a result, the heart and other areas of the body receive open blood flow without obstruction. They are not seen to have much effect on them. They can be used in any recipe that calls for raspberries or blackberries. Did you know that chives are actually a pretty plant as well as a yummy garnish? For that reason, mulberry fruit has been commonly used in folk medicine and allowed to grow in places where they might not be best suited. White mulberry is a leafy tree that grows across the United States. White mulberry (Morus alba) is a shrub or tree native to China. The toxic parts are the unripe berries and the white sap from any part. One of those is mulberries. How do you know what a mulberry looks like? Goats can eat mulberries as well the mulberry leaves. There are several health benefits of all kinds of mulberries, ripe ones for humans and all sorts for the wild creatures. We are a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for us to earn fees by linking to Amazon.com and affiliated sites. Appetizing milkshakes are made with different kinds of berries. Mulberry leaves have a variety of culinary, medicinal, and industrial applications. Cool and serve. Our team of Horse experts have the answers you need. Video of the Day Avocado Red mulberry is a medium-sized tree with a short trunk and a broad, rounded crown. It also has a number of dietary fibers, which is ideal for goats. Speak to your doctor or pharmacist before starting new medications or dietary supplements, to ensure there are no drug interactions present. Here are 8 of the healthiest. The leaves of the white mulberry plant contain high concentrations of fiber and protein. Mulberry leaves have long been used in traditional medicine and are associated with several impressive health benefits. I love trying new things and having my kids experience these things. White, black, and red mulberries are ripe and turn dark red, dark purple, and black. Mulberries are full of dietary fiber and actually have 1o% of your daily needs. The other crazy thing is that in one serving of mulberries you can get your daily dose of vitamin C. The nice thing about getting yout vitamins through fruits and veggies is that your body is able to absorb it better than if you were to try to get it into your body in pill form. . My grandma passed away from cancer last year and you can bet I do all I can do prevent the same thing in my and my families body. It may provide other benefits as well, but human studies are needed. Your veterinarian will be able to determine the cause of the poisoning and determine how to treat it. It makes mulberries a good source of antioxidants. Generally, the genus has 64 identified species, three of which are well-known and are ostensibly named for the fruit color of the best-known cultivar: white, red, and black mulberry (Morus . They are good for cholesterol and also reduce oxidative stress. Mature fruits of the red mulberry has a dark red to almost black color. Mulberry trees grow best in USDA zones 5-9. Other health benefits Anticancer effects: These characteristics may make them useful in the fight against heart disease and diabetes (3). 2 tablespoons dried mulberry leaves; 4 cups cold water; 1 teaspoon honey to sweeten if desired ; You can also brew mulberry leaf tea with fresh mulberry leaves. If you want to know more about me and the things I am working on, please check out my full about me page! This plant is very well known for invading and taking over a wide range of disturbed places all over the United States, primarily in parking lots, byways, and forest edges which are easy for dogs to reach. Plants (Basel). These attributes may make them useful for fighting heart disease and diabetes (3). For example, some people have reported adverse effects, such as diarrhea, nausea, dizziness, bloating, and constipation, when taking supplements (9). fruits that are damaged or show some signs. Although humans can eat ripe mulberry fruits, eating unripe fruit can cause stomach upset, nervous system stimulation, and hallucinations. Oliveira AM, Nascimento MF, Ferreira MR, Moura DF, Souza TG, Silva GC, Ramos EH, Paiva PM, Medeiros PL, Silva TG, Soares LA, Chagas CA, Souza IA, Napoleo TH. Both are consumed by birds, but only red mulberry are edible to humans.